1FUN WITH A PENCILALSO BY ANDREW LOOMIS Figure Drawing for All It’s Worth Creative Illustration Drawing the Head and Hands Three-Dimensional Drawing2Spacer3FUN WITH A PENCILANDREW LOOMIS4COPYRIGHT 1939 BY ANDREW LOOMIS FIRST PUBLISHED BY THE VIKING PRESS IN MAY 1939 BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA LIMITED REPRODUCED FOR EDUCATIONAL USE IN DECEMBER 2001All drawings and text within this book are the property of their respective copyholders and should not be reproduced for any reason. They may only be used for the purpose of practice and study. 5DEDICATED TO EVERYONE WHO LOVES A PENCIL6MR. WEBSTER DEFINES DRAWING AS DELINEATION. THAT DOESN’T TELL YOU HOW MUCH OF A REAL “BANG” THERE IS IN IT. MAYBE HE NEVER KNEW.
MOST FOLKS LOVE TO DRAW EVEN WHEN THEY KNOW LITTLE ABOUT IT. IT STARTED WITH THE CAVE MAN, AND STILL SURVIVES ON THE WALLS OF PUBLIC PLACES.
BECAUSE IT’S SO MUCH FUN, AND SO EASY, IT’S A SHAME NOT TO BE ABLE TO DO IT BETTER. ANDREW LOOMIS7ALL THAT YOU NEED TO KNOW, TO START THIS BOOK, IS HOW TO DRAW A CIRCLE.And it can be as lopsided as the family budget, and still work out.Don’t start out with that old gag, “I couldn’t draw a straight line.” Neither can I, freehand.
Andrew loomis PDF download.the eye of the painter and the elements of beauty andrew loomis the viking press. PENCIL ALSO BY ANDREW LOOMIS Figure Drawing for All It’s Worth Creative Illustration Drawing the Head and Hands Three-Dimensional Drawing. Preview Download. Drawing the Head and Hands. MA 02111 www.loomissayles.com Andrew M.
If we need a straight line, we can use a ruler. Now please try it, just for fun.8HOWDYFOLKS!Who am I?
Oh, just one of Andy’s little funny folk. But I’m important! He gave me a job. I’m the spirit of the book, by jeeminy, big nose and all. I represent all the blue in here. My right name would be Basic Form, but that’s much too high-sounding. He thinks that name would scare you away.
So he just calls me 'Professor Blook’’ and lets it go at that. Now, I’ve got a few interesting things to tell you. 9Since Andy cannot talk to you personally, he put me in here so we can really get together. It’s tough on Andy, for that guy really loves to talk, especially 'shop talk.’’ Now this plan of action is based on the use of simple forms that are already known and familiar to you, and which you can certainly draw. From these simple, known forms, we build other forms, which without some constructive plan would be too complicated to draw. For instance, the top of the head, or cranium, is nearer to a ball in shape than anything else.
So we start with a bull, and add to it the shapes we want. We thus 'arrive’’ at the outlines that are needed instead of guessing at them. Only the most talented end experienced artist can draw at once the final outlines. That procedure is most difficult, and is the reason most people give up drawing. But knowing how to 'construct’’ makes drawing simple and easy, and a delightful pastime to anybody. By building preliminary shapes and developing the outlines on them, we know WHERE TO DRAW OUR REAL LINES.
There is hardly anything that cannot first be constructed by the use of simple forms. “Santa had a belly, like a bowl full of jelly.’’ Now that was a real observation.
We know just whet it must hove looked like. In fact we can see it shaking! Now, the idea is to draw the bowl before the belly. If the observation is correct, it ought to be a simple matter to make it fairly convincing as an abdomen for old Nick. Of course we will cover it with his coat and pants, but we’ll be pretty sure the pants don’t spoil the big idea.
I picked on Santa because he’ll never complain that I’m being too personal over his appearance. I might just as well have chosen your next-door neighbor, his lunch basket may be equally rotund, and shake some too. Every form is like some simpler form, with this or that variation, and with pieces added on. The simplest10Forms we know are the sphere, the cube, and the egg. Before we could walk we recognized the sphere in Dad’s new golf bulls; the cubes were in the sugar bowl; as for the eggs, well, the nicest ones were Easter eggs. I say, “Draw a line.’’ You cannot know just what I mean. A straight line?
A curved line? A jagged line? A wiggly line?
There are a thousand kinds of lines; be more specific. But it I say draw a ball, a cube, an egg, a cylinder, a pyramid, a cone, a rectangular block, in each case the image you get is perfect.
You know exactly what I mean. Instead of “line,’’ we shall think in terms of concrete and tangible “form,’’ and proceed as if we were handling lumps of clay. You can appreciate the value of such a method, for you know the fundamentals even before you start; they are obvious to anybody.
If you never saw a ball, you should quit right now. As you proceed to build all sorts of shapes out of simpler ones, it is amazing what you can do with them, and how accurate and 'solid’’ the resulting drawings will appear.
The surprising part is that, when the construction lines are erased, very few could guess how it had been done. Your drawing appears us complicated and difficult to the other fellow as mine might seem to you now. It takes on a look of professional workmanship, which indeed it has, since the professional artist has by some method had to “construct’’ his work to make it “professional.’’ If you will give the following pages even your amused attention, I am satisfied you will find much that will surprise you in the way of ability but perhaps you heretofore never guessed you had. If it absorbs your interest, you might find yourself clever enough to amaze those about you. Just now take my word for it that the method is simple, practical, and, I believe, possible for anybody to follow.11TAKE A GOOD LOOK AT THIS PAGE A circle is a flat disk.
If you draw the “inside” contours, it becomes a solid ball, with a third dimension. We shall build other forms, like lumps of clay, onto this solidity. The construction will be erased, but the solid appearance will remain, giving form or the appearance of reality.12PART ONEHOW TO DRAW FUNNY FACESGet a pencil and paper quickly! Draw lightly all you see printed in blue.
Take one stage at a time, on one drawing, until the last stage; then finish, with strong lines over the light ones, the lines we have printed in black. That is all there is to learn!
These are 'selected’’ or 'built in’’ from the basic forms. I call the basic drawings “Blooks,’’ after myself. 13HERE WE GO! I promised you that all you need to know, to start this book, is how to draw a lopsided ball. Whatever shape you draw can be used as a foundation for a funny face. Do the best you can, even if the ball looks more like a potato.14THE FUN STARTS! The big idea is to start with a “form.” Then develop other “forms” on it.
Build your final lines in by selecting, eliminating the lines you do not use. I leave mine in to show how it’s done.15A SURE METHOD FOR ANYBODY16IT’S REALLY GOING TO BE EASIER THAN YOU EXPECTED Now, if the first drawings you do are not the last word in cleverness, don’t be discouraged. You will soon get the idea.
When you begin to sense form, you will have the whole works. Then we’ll polish up, and they will have to admit you are good.17THE “BLOOK BALL” If you will now turn back to page 12 and look at the string of balls, you will see that we are getting right into big business. You need some practice on these.
Never mind if they are a little off.The better you can draw these balls in any old position you wish, the better you are going to be. The line from the top to bottom is the “middle” line of the face.
The horizontal line, which looks like the equator, is the “eyeline,” and it also locates the ear. 18JUST PRACTICE ON THESE “BLOOKS”19THE BEST WAY TO GO ABOUT IT20WE ADD ANOTHER LINE TO THE BALL Look at the diagram.
This last line goes completely around the ball, thought the axis at each end, and cuts the eyeline just halfway round on each side of the middle line. The ear joins the head at the point of intersection of the eyeline and the earline.21THERE IS NO LIMIT TO THE VARIETY I am a lot more anxious to have you understand the method and create your own forms than to copy mine. But copying mine now will get you started.Always construct the head from the cranium down. There is no other satisfactory way. You can see by now that the position of the ball determines the pose of the head.
The pieces you build on determine the character. 22“BLOCKY” TREATMENT LENDS CHARACTER “Blocky” shapes always combine interestingly with round shapes.
It is a good idea to make the final lines angular even around curves. It gives a sense of bone and ruggedness of character. You would not do this when drawing pretty girls or babies.Now I’ve got a surprise for you. Instead of drawing all there lunkheads, let’s try something real. I’m going to pose for you. 23BLOOK POSES24EXPRESSION25EXPRESSION26DIFFERENT EXPRESSIONS OF THE FACE27TRICK STUFF Try this on the folks.
Tell them draw two overlapping circles, any size. Draw a middle line through both and build on your own pieces. You can make a head out of any combination. Of course, tell them to draw lightly.28TRICK STUFF Draw a circle.
Attach two smaller circles, not far apart, anywhere. You can put a third above and between them. Then draw the middle line so it passes between the two small circles.
Proceed as usual.29HERE’S A STUNT Draw three balls, one of them small, in any position. Connect the larger balls. Draw a middle line under the small ball. This suggests a head. Now use your imagination to complete the drawing.30DON’T MISS THIS PAGE Here we combine the ball with other basic forms.
With “solid forms” to build on, the head begins to take on more reality. You can almost anything you want to with the supplementary forms, and come out all right.
The is real character drawing, and a challenge to you.31PROJECTION This page is for the clever folks. It is a method of projecting the characters you have created into various poses.
Try it with very simple heads at first. You must use your eye and build very carefully.32VARIETY BY DISTORTION Take any head. You can distort it by the following methods. This is valuable in caricature. You can trace a photo, and draw from the tracing, or take any of your own drawings and distort them.Here again is a chance for your own invention. Draw a square around your subject. Divide each way into eight or more parts.
If you wish to distort separate features, change the size of the squares into which they fall. Make the line cut through each square as it does in your copy, but changed to fit the new proportion of your squares. 1/2, 1/3 square, etc. 33BABIES34BRATS35THE DIVIDED BALL AND PLANE METHOD The Method Developed by Andrew Loomis, Which Makes Construction Simple for Any Type of Head.We go now into the most important section of the book. The method here worked out is a development of the simple groundwork you have already accomplished. It need not frighten you, since it is but slightly more complex than the work up to this point.
The cranium, as you perhaps have realized, is never a perfect ball in shape. To draw it correctly we must make alterations, some slight and others quite exaggerated, to fit the various types of skull. Nevertheless, we can take as a basic form a ball sliced off at the sides, leaving it a little wider one way than the other, and adding to it or taking some away. The forehead may be flattened, cut down, or built up as the case may be. The cranium may be elongated, widened, or narrowed. The facial plane may also be altered as we see fit without destroying our working principle. The plane simply attaches to the ball wherever we want it, which makes our method entirely flexible, so that we can represent any type of head we choose.
All other methods I have yet seen do not start with a form anything like the skull, or make any allowance for the variety of shapes. 36After this book was published, I learned with interest that a similar basic head form has been used for years by Miss E. Grace Hanks of the Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, and that she has written a book based on this method.THE DIVIDED BALL AND PLANE METHOD37THE DIVIDED BALL AND PLANE METHOD It is this flexibility and freedom built into the method that should make it of certain value.
On page 37 I have given a set of measurements I consider ideal, but these need not be adhered to. To me the real value of the method is that it makes possible the accurate construction of the head without copy or model or, when a model is used, that it allows you to render the type recognizably and with certainty.
It possesses powers of exaggeration for comic drawing and caricature as well as of serious interpretation. It opens an avenue of approach to the novice, dispenses to a large extent with the necessity for tedious and prolonged study, and gives almost at the outset the much needed quality of solidity which usually comes only with a knowledge of bone and muscle structure. If you glance at page 39, it will be evident how the ball and plane is designed to give that appearance of actual bony structure.
The skull lies within this basic form. But over and above this in importance is the helpful guidance it gives in placing the features in their correct positions, in relation to the pose of the head. This will come very quickly, and soon the eye will detect anything obviously “out of drawing.” Many years ago I sensed the lack of any method of approach having any marked degree of accuracy. I was told to draw the head as an egg or oval, and to proceed from there. Fine for a straight front view. But what of the jaw in a profile?
There is but a slight hint of the skull formation in an egg shape alone. Again, I was told to build the head starting with a cube. While this aided one in sensing the perspective, it gave no hint of the skull. How much of the cube was to be cut away? Since then I have heard of “shadow methods” and others, yet in every case a previous knowledge of the head was necessary. 38THE DIVIDED BALL AND PLANE METHOD39THE DIVIDED BALL AND PLANE METHOD What I wanted was a method whereby, if a head looked wrong, I could find out what was wrong with it, Tampering with a painted head to correct some bad construction or drawing usually ruined the work done.
The necessity of starting the head correctly in the first place was obvious, so that the finishing could be approached with the confidence that after hours of work it would not go “sour.” With closing dates of publications imminent, it is risky business to proceed without a full knowledge of what you are doing. So this method evolved from personal necessity. I might state here that in the beginning I had not the slightest intention of putting it in book form. However, when the plan did work itself out finally, I was struck with its simplicity. It was one of those instances that make you wonder why you or somebody else had not thought of it before. The fact that it tied up with our first childish scribbles, which after all are a crude statement of form unhampered by superficial detail, only increased my enthusiasm.
Why, then, could not such a plan be made available to all, from the child scribbler to the professional artist? The plan changes but slightly from the first round ball and added forms to the professional piece of work, the difference lying in the ability of the individual. It all hinges on the proper building of the ball and its divisions. Approached with the understanding that one is drawing solids instead of lines, the method becomes surprisingly simple. I do not doubt but that these few pages will prove of inestimable value to many practicing artists, who I know have been confronted with the same difficulties of bad drawing and closing dates. But primarily the book is for John Jones, who always wanted to draw but could not.40AS APPLIED TO DIFFERENT TYPES41SOME HEADS BASED ON PAGE 41 This page must give you some idea of the unlimited variety of types and characters possible through building by the Divided Ball and Plane method.
There are thousands of types, and each looks different mostly because of the skull rather than the features. It’s fun to study an individual, and try to figure out what kind of ball and plane go together to make up his face. You really learn to look deep into character, and beneath the surface. This method calls for no clairvoyance, but a quick eye and a skillful hand.42COMIC HEADS BY THE DIVIDED BALL AND PLANE The above are simple applications of the method. These are no more difficult than by the previous plan of attaching forms directly to the ball.
However, the chance of error is greatly lessened. You might as well have the complete method as part of it. Time spent on these pages will prove of sound value to anyone sincerely interested in the drawing of the head. It is suggested that you go on with the book and come back to this section at intervals. As you try you will improve. By all means do not give up. That hand of yours will be doing surprising things before long.
43THE PRETTY GIRL A pleasing head of a girl depends ninety-nine percent on how well you draw it. More exactly, the ball must be drawn well, the construction lines correctly placed on the ball and plane, and the features nicely placed.
Remember there is the width of an eye between the eyes. Do not place the mouth too low or get the nose too long. I have used a pen here. Try it sometimes. 44A METHOD OF CHECKING The blue lines in the diagram above are our same construction lines. They may be done on tracing paper over any face. You can thus quickly find a feature that has been incorrectly placed.
You can also “find” the ball and plane position in a photographic head this way. Whether you are building or tearing down, the method applies.45THE WOMEN FOLKS46TWENTY KIDS47ETERNAL YOUTH48THE OLD FOLKS49OH, BOY, OH, BOY!
NOW THE FUN REALLY STARTS50PART TWOPUTTING THE HEAD ON THE BODY51THE COMIC FIGURE You know, I’ve a hunch you have been itching to get into this portion of the book. Well, it is really going to be great fun to create little people of your own, doing anything you want them to. There is nothing hidebound in this plan either. Take it in easy doses for the fun that’s in it. Whether the folks you draw will ever bring home the bacon is a matter of circumstance and how clever you get to be.
But it’s worth the effort to get that bang out of being able to do it. When you were a very little boy or girl your brain children probably looked like these. If they did, you had a great deal of undeveloped talent, and if you have not been drawing ever since, it’s a real shame.
When the little youngster starts to draw, he instinctively does a better job than he does later on. He goes to essentials, a crude representation of the bulk without the detail. Soon he forgets the body and starts drawing buttons and clothes with a face on them. Result: he gets discouraged and transfers his attention to some pretty blond curls or a new bicycle. In all seriousness, I say that Nos. 1 and 2 of the marginal drawings have great possibilities; 3 and 4 still have hope. But 5 verges on those awful drawings in public places.52Now we start with something very much like 1 and 2.
For want of a better name we shall call him “Doohinkus.” All we need do is add some sort of box for a pelvis, some pads for hands and feet, some balls at the joints, and a straight line across for shoulders. We thus give him the following characteristics. Head is a ball. Chest is a ball.
Pelvis is a box slanted out at back and in at the sides. The spine does not go through the chest ball but around the back of it. The legs are not straight but curve in to the knees and out toward the foot. Forearm is slightly curved. Chest ball is divided by a line through the middle and flaring lines at the bottom, like a Y upside down.
The reason for the curve on the bones is that they thus become “springy” and shock-absorbing. Without those curves we would be nervous wrecks before we were in short pants or panties as the case may be. Every limb is movable in practically all directions. The chest ball is fixed to the spine but the spine bends in all directions. It can also twist or turn, so that there is a wide range of movements possible between spine and pelvis.
The human body is just about the nicest bit of mechanics we have in the world. We can walk, run, jump, climb, stand erect, sit, all without any oiling or burntout sparkplugs. Our motor starts and stops once. If we take care of the engine it will outlast any metal one.
Let’s go!53HERE WE GO! The proportions of your little figures may be varied in any sort of way. Below we show a variety of comic exaggerations.54WE START ON THE FIGURE We shall start at once to put them into action. There will always be movement of the parts. Draw this page carefully and become thoroughly familiar with the movement of each part.55DOOHINKUS MOVES ABOUT. STUDY THE FRAMEWORK56PURPOSELY OFF BALANCE57DO SOME OF THESE58TRY THESE, THEN INVENT SOME OF YOUR59BUILDING ON THE FRAMEWORK60BUILDING ON THE FRAMEWORK61A WAY TO SET UP THE ACTION Take any jointed doll if possible, one jointed at the waist.
This fellow was a plain wooden art-store mannikin. In order to make him exist for you as something more than wooden chunks, I dolled him up, with paint, putty, and a bit of hair from the bathroom rug. Then I got busy with my candid camera. He is a queerlooking little guy, a sort of cross between Groucho Marx and a cigar-store Indian; but he is made of parts, and it is the appearance of these parts in action that we are interested in.
In this way Doohinkus Mannikin is better than a live model. The black lines on him help you his bulk, just as they do on the ball. Take some of these poses. Start by drawing the framework in the approximate action. It is not important that you maintain the same proportions, and you can substitute any head.
Change him to suit yourself, but watch the positions of the parts carefully. Build on each part as you it. Note whether lines at joints curve up or down, how the part is tipped toward or away from you, you can exaggerate the action of the hips and shoulders, as those actions were quite limited in the mannikin. You can also, if you wish, render the light and shadow on the parts. Tracing these, or copying without building, will do you no good. But if you will “build” a dozen or so, you will be able to set up figures of your own, in almost any action.
The correct assembling of the parts of the figure is much more important than actual knowledge of the bones and muscles. You cannot put clothes on your figures properly without knowing the action of under the clothes, and the flexing and pulling of the material over them from one part to another. Pages 66 and 67 will show how to go about it.62DOOHINKUS MANNIKIN SHOWS YOU THE PARTS IN ACTION63BUILD FIGURES FROM THESE START WITH THE FRAMEWORK64AFTER DRAWING THESE, TRY SOME OF YOUR65HOW YOU USE THE DOOHINKUS POSES Here is the way to go about the preceding poses. I have chosen figure No.
First, it is a good idea to know what the normal figure is like. You needn’t draw this unless you are interested.
The bottom figures illustrate how the exaggerated is based on the normal.66JUST PLAY WITH THE FIGURES The main idea is to enjoy yourself. Some day you may just put clothes right over the framework. But it is better always to sketch in the figure.
Do not follow the photos literally.
Andrew Loomis Drawing The Head
UPDATED (08 April 2013; 27 May 2019):Just noticed that that distribution site for Loomis’s books that I originally linked to here is no longer in operation.The good news, however, is that Loomis’s books have long been available in PDF format via Alex Hays’ page.AND they are available via the.(The books used to be distributed via the Illustration Age site, but that’s no longer the case. The explanation offered is as follows: “Out of respect for the Andrew Loomis estate, Illustration Age has removed these out-of-print books from our free collection.” Previously, however, Illustration Age site claimed that Loomis’s books “are free to distribute because of their public domain status.” My view is, if the books are in the public domain, they’re in the public domain.
3 Dimensional Drawing Andrew Loomis Pdf Download Full
Too bad for the estate that they didn’t give a shit about the books when they could easily have protected the copyright. But what’s done is done. In fact, the free PDFs are what prompted me and others to buy the lovely the hardcover reprints a few years back. Free e-Loomis for everyone!). Thanks for taking the time to comment, Dedi.In case you don’t know, I should mention that three of Loomis’s books are now back in print — Figure Drawing for All It’s Worth, Successful Drawing, and Drawing the Head and Hands — and they are all available for order from Amazon and other online retailers for under $30 each.If you don’t have the money to buy any of Loomis’s books, however, you might want to bring the new reprints to the attention of your campus library. Libraries often order books that have been recommended/requested by patrons.In any case, I do hope Loomis’s books are helpful to you.Good luck with your studies.RCLike.